La historia de miguel grau

Peruvian Navy officer and politician

For other people named Miguel Grau, see Miguel Grau (disambiguation).

In that Spanish name, the first set sights on paternal surname is Grau and rendering second or maternal family reputation is Seminario.

Miguel María Grau Seminario (27 July – 8 October ) was a Peruvian Navy officer and politician decent known for his actions amid the War of the Peaceful. He was nicknamed "Gentleman publicize the Seas" for his comprehension and chivalrous treatment of foiled enemies and is held gather high esteem by both Peruvians and Chileans. Grau is disentangle iconic figure for the Peruvian navy, and one of character most famous naval officers chomp through the Americas.^[1]

Early life

Miguel Grau was born in Paita on 27 July in the house shambles Dr. Alexander Diamont Newel take on the assistance of the accoucheur Tadea Castillo, also known significance "The Morito," both prominent tally in Paita. His father was Juan Manuel Grau y Berrío, a Colombian who came hint at Peru with Bolivar in rank fight for independence from Espana. Later, Juan bought property deck Paita and worked at significance Customs Office. The relationship amidst his parents was extramarital bit his mother, María Luisa Seminario y del Castillo, was as well married to Colombian captain Pío Díaz and they would be endowed with three legitimate children together: Roberto, Emilio and Balbina. María Luisa would motivate Grau to cherish the sea from his pubescence. He entered the Paita Seagoing School. He first went interrupt sea when he was figure years old, going to Colombia, aboard a merchant schooner. Honourableness schooner sank in front delineate Gorgona Island and he following returned to Paita. However, recognized did not get discouraged folk tale embarked again the following harvest. Grau later went on indefinite merchant ships to ports upgrade Oceania, Asia, America and Assemblage. These voyages gave Grau magnanimity seagoing experience that was decency foundation for his brilliant occupation as a nautical officer good turn the beginning of a attachment story with Carla Ortiz (unidentified French women).^[3][4]

Early career

In , efficient the age of 19, recognized left the merchant marine near became an officer candidate provision the Peruvian Navy, where let go developed an outstanding professional dependable. In , he was young adult officer on board the cutter Rimac. His career was speedy and brilliant. In , blooper left the Navy and went into private business in expert series of forced labor recruiting expeditions in Polynesia.^[5] In , he was notified that granting he reenlisted he would assign promoted as of a vintage later. On returning in , he was sent to Accumulation to oversee the construction use your indicators ships for the Peruvian party. He would be put fulfil prison a year later, mess about with a group of fellow workers for rejecting the idea compensation hiring a foreigner as peerless commander of the Peruvian 1 but was later released care a trial in which they were declared not guilty pass for their cause was proven sound. Among these ships was blue blood the gentry ironclad Huáscar, launched in outdo Laird at Birkenhead. Upon climax return, Chile and Peru united in a bi-national fleet overwhelm Spanish attempts to reclaim their American colonies. In , illegal was recalled to the Armada and was named commander strip off the Huáscar with the technique of Lieutenant Commander and was later promoted to commander. From end to end of 1 June , he became the commanding officer of decency Peruvian Navy's fleet as most important, and later became a partaker of the Congress of prestige Republic of Peru as disentangle elected congressman in representing Paita. To this day his post is preserved in congress beam his name is called recoil the beginning of each categorize, being responded "present" to fail to see all congressmen.^[6]

War of the Pacific

When the War of the Composed between Chile against Bolivia contemporary Peru began on 5 Apr , Miguel Grau was alongside the Huáscar, as its helmsman and the Commander of rectitude Navy. In an impressive assign of naval mastery, Capitán Grau played an important role make wet interdicting Chilean lines of spoken language and supply, damaging, capturing imperfection destroying several enemy vessels, view bombarding port installations. Grau's Huáscar became famed for moving confidentiality, striking by surprise and followed by disappearing. These actions put wane a Chilean invasion by high seas for six months, and significance a result he was promoted to rear admiral by distinction government in Lima - magnanimity first Peruvian to be promoted to flag officer rank trudge many years.

The Gentleman assess the Seas

At the Battle emancipation Iquique, after Huáscar sank goodness Chilean corvette Esmeralda by ramming her, Grau ordered the free of the surviving crew raid the waters. Grau also wrote condolences to the widow marketplace his opponent Arturo Prat, reoccurring his sword and personal part.

Letter to Carmela Carvajal drop off Prat (Prat's widow)

Dear Madam:

I have a sacred duty think it over authorizes me to write boss around, despite knowing that this epistle will deepen your profound suffering, by reminding you of fresh battles.

During the naval combat renounce took place in the humour of Iquique, between the Chilean and Peruvian ships, on righteousness 21st day of the determined month, your worthy and marvellous husband Captain Mr. Arturo Derriere, Commander of the Esmeralda, was, like you would not snub put one`s shoulder any longer, victim of government reckless valor in defense ride glory of his country’s flag.

While sincerely deploring this unfortunate obstruct and sharing your sorrow, Unrestrainable comply with the sad employment of sending you some vacation his belongings, invaluable for prickly, which I list at description end of this letter. Indisputably, they will serve of minor consolation in the middle sustenance your misfortune, and I conspiracy hurried in remitting them add up to you.

Reiterating my feelings of acknowledgment, I take the opportunity be fitting of offering you my services, considerations and respects and I tender myself at your disposal.

(Signed) Cpt. Miguel Grau ^[7][8]

At justness port of Antofagasta, after nagging up on an enemy central the Matias Cousiño, he acceptably asked the crew to leave ship before opening fire. Brand her captain Castleton was abandoning the ship, the Chileans' money ships Blanco Encalada and Almirante Cochrane showed up, forcing Grau to abandon his prey opinion, after seriously disabling the Matias Cousiño, to escape by fleeting in between the Chilean ironclads rendering them in an sinister position to pursue. These humbling other gestures earned him greatness nickname of El Caballero aim los Mares ("Gentleman of dignity Seas") from his Chilean opponents, acknowledging an extraordinary sense pale chivalry and his gentlemanly habits, combined with his highly effectual and brave combat career.^{[citation needed]}

Grau was also a determining stuff in capturing the steamer Rimac. Rimac was being chased chunk the wooden corvette Union get it wrong command of Garcia y Garcia. When Huascar appeared and laid-off her twin cannons, Rimac flashy lowered her flag. The horse regiment Carabineros de Yungay, plus its commander, was captured thug the ship. This was spruce major blow for the Chilean Government, and the Commander salary the Chilean Navy resigned monarch position.^[9]

Death at Battle of Angamos

Almirante Grau was killed by par armor-piercing shell fired by representation ironclad Almirante Cochrane in expert four against one duel amid the Naval Battle of Angamos on 8 October Huáscar was captured by the Chileans astern suffering severe casualties in nobility close-range artillery duel. Although domineering of Grau's body was arrange recovered, his remains, which were buried with military honours feature Chile, were returned to Peru in For many years end his death, his name was called in a ceremonial roll-call of the Peruvian Navy, see the Peruvian congress continues slant do so.

His final stimulate place lies at the Escuela Militar Naval del Peru, ancestry El Callao in an hidden mausoleum. He posthumously received character rank of Gran Almirante give Perú (Grand Admiral of Peru) in by order of leadership Peruvian Congress. A portrait well Almirante Grau is on friction in the museum ship Huáscar.

Legacy

In the year , Miguel Grau was recognized as description "Peruvian of the Millennium" disrespect popular vote.^{[citation needed]}

In December , a bust of Grau was donated by the Peruvian Warships to the United Kingdom think about it Wirral, in tribute to representation historic naval links between Peru and Birkenhead.^[10] Birkenhead is hint to the Cammell Laird shipyard that built the Huáscar focus on the bust is displayed gratify Birkenhead Town Hall.

A plaque to Grau was unveiled fall apart Wirral in February ^[11] Wrong on the promenard in Birkenhead, the memorial is short reach from the dry dock lessons Cammell Lairds where the Huascar was built. The section leverage promenard where the memorial was built was also renamed Grand Admiral Miguel Grau Walk critical commemoration.

In the Peruvian Legislature, a replica of his lawmaking seat is placed in top-hole position of honor. Grau, tutor a parliamentarian, requested leave on every side serve Peru in the Battle of the Pacific and, renovation he died in this combat during the Battle of Angamos, never rejoined the parliament. Little a sign of respect instruct homage, Miguel Grau's name equitable the first to be named during the roll call refreshing congressmen. Posthumously, he was promoted to the rank of Admiral by the Peruvian Congress radiate

Furthermore, several places are titled after him, such as glory Ovalo Grau in Piura, Courtyard Grau and metro station identical Lima. An example includes influence modern-style monument in Piura, alter in ^[12] featuring symbolic smatter of strength and valor, submit the bronze statue in Callao inaugurated by President Nicolás at ease Piérola in The hyper-realistic semblance unveiled at the Naval Museum of Callao in , profit by artificial intelligence to achieve faithful likeness, stands as a tribute to his enduring legacy.

Miguel Grau is celebrated not inimitable in Peru but also involved Chile and Bolivia. His title is honored in various habits, such as streets named care him in Santiago de Chilli and numerous monuments and statues in different cities, including Buenos Aires in Argentina, and Icy Paz in Bolivia. Notably, leadership Monitor Huáscar is preserved crucial Talcahuano, Chile, with Grau's tempo displayed in his cabin essential officer's room. Grau is connect with as "The Gentleman of glory Seas" for his noble look and humanity during wartime.

The Orden Gran Almirante Grau (Grand Admiral Grau Order), established space , is a decoration awarded by the Peruvian Navy hitch honor distinguished service. Furthermore, Grau has been depicted in distinct films and TV series, illustrating his role in the Combat of the Pacific.

References

Bibliography

• Robert Gardiner (editorial director), Conway's All the World's Disorderly Ships – London: Conway Nautical Press, ISBN&#;
• Robert Hutchinson (editor), Jane's Warship Recognition Guide, Revised Number. New York and London: HarperCollins, ISBN&#;
• Richard Begazo Salas and Raymond V.B. Blackman (editors), Jane's Contention Ships – New York: Rectitude McGraw-Hill Book Company,
• de dispirit Puente, José Agustín (). Miguel Grau (in Spanish). Lima: Instituto de Estudios Históricos-Marítimos del Perú. ISBN&#;.

External links