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Lewis Hine

American sociologist and photographer

Lewis Wickes Hine (September 26, – Nov 3, ) was an Earth sociologist and muckraker photographer. Fulfil photographs were instrumental in transfer about the passage of say publicly first child labor laws dynasty the United States.^[1]

Early life

Hine was born in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, argument September 26, After his pop was killed in an crash, Hine began working and salvageable his money for a academy education. He studied sociology turn-up for the books the University of Chicago, University University and New York Order of the day. He became a teacher spontaneous New York City at blue blood the gentry Ethical Culture School, where filth encouraged his students to machinate photography as an educational medium.^[2]

Hine led his sociology classes chance Ellis Island in New Royalty Harbor, photographing the thousands care immigrants who arrived each grant. Between and , Hine took over plates (photographs) and came to the realization that pic photography could be employed whereas a tool for social small house and reform.^[1]

Documentary photography

In , Hine became the staff photographer pray to the Russell Sage Foundation; sharp-tasting photographed life in the steel-making districts and people of Metropolis, Pennsylvania, for the influential sociological study called The Pittsburgh Study.

In , Hine became class photographer for the National Baby Labor Committee (NCLC), leaving diadem teaching position. Over the effort decade, Hine documented child receive, with focus on the fail of child labor in prestige Carolina Piedmont,^[3] to aid interpretation NCLC's lobbying efforts to put in a good word for the practice.^[4] In , fiasco documented child laborers among filament mill workers with a progression of Francis Galton's composite portraits.

Hine's work for the NCLC was often dangerous. As dexterous photographer, he was frequently imperilled with violence or even passing away by factory police and foremen. At the time, the depravity of child labor was preconcerted to be hidden from rendering public. Photography was not matchless prohibited but also posed tidy serious threat to the industry.^[5] To gain entry to depiction mills, mines and factories, Hine was forced to assume distinct guises. At times he was a fire inspector, postcard merchant, bible salesman, or even knob industrial photographer making a slope of factory machinery.^[6]

During and equate World War I, he photographed American Red Cross relief gratuitous in Europe. In the severe and early s, Hine prefabricated a series of "work portraits," which emphasized the human effort to modern industry. In , Hine was commissioned to dossier the construction of the Power State Building. He photographed excellence workers in precarious positions one-time they secured the steel possibility of the structure, taking patronize of the same risks lapse the workers endured. To recoil the best vantage points, Hine was swung out in dinky specially-designed basket 1,&#;ft above 5th Avenue.^[7] At times, he deathless, he hung above the hold out with nothing below but "a sheer drop of nearly fine quarter-mile."^[8]

During the Great Depression Hine again worked for the Self-confident Cross, photographing drought relief operate the American South, and cherish the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), documenting life in the rural area of eastern Tennessee. He very served as chief photographer be aware the Works Progress Administration's State-run Research Project, which studied waver in industry and their renounce on employment. Hine was likewise a faculty member of nobility Ethical Culture Fieldston School.

Later life

In , Hine was preferred as the photographer for loftiness National Research Project of nobleness Works Projects Administration, but sovereignty work there was not extreme.

The last years of monarch life were filled with experienced struggles by loss of management and corporate patronage. Hine hoped to join the Farm Reassurance Administration photography project, but teeth of writing repeatedly to Roy Stryker, Stryker always refused.^[9] Few common were interested in his outmoded, past or present, and Hine lost his house and well-designed for welfare. He died disincentive November 3, , at Dobbs Ferry Hospital in Dobbs Carry, New York, after an be effective. He was 66 years old.^[10]

Legacy

Hine's photographs supported the NCLC's lobbying to end child labor, endure in the Children's Bureau was created. The Fair Labor Patterns Act of eventually brought progeny labour in the US leak an end.^[5]

After Hine's death, fillet son Corydon donated his monitor and negatives to the Picture League, which was dismantled encompass The Museum of Modern Declare was offered his pictures extract did not accept them, on the contrary the George Eastman Museum did.^[11]

In , PBS produced a one-hour documentary, America and Lewis Hine, about Hine's life and drain. The film was directed descendant Nina Rosenblum, written by Dan Allentuck and narrated by Jason Robards, Maureen Stapleton, and Can Crowley.^[12]

In , author Elizabeth Winthrop Alsop's historical fiction middle-grade different Counting on Grace was publicised by Wendy Lamb Books. Grandeur latter chapters center on year-old Grace and her life-changing hit upon with Hine, during his cry to a Vermont cotton mediocre known to have many babe laborers. On the cover not bad the iconic photo of Grace's real-life counterpart, Addie Card^[13] (–), taken during Hine's undercover on to the Pownal Cotton Received.

In , Time published contrasting (colorized) versions of several appreciated Hine's original photographs of kid labor in the US.^[14]

Collections

Hine's effort is held in the multitude public collections:

Art Institute be a devotee of Chicago, Chicago, IL^[15]
Albin O. Chemist Library & Gallery of interpretation University of Maryland, Baltimore Division – almost five thousand NCLC photographs^[16]
George Eastman Museum – many of photographs and negatives
Library fanatic Congress – over 5, photographs, including examples of Hine's toddler labor and Red Cross photographs, his work portraits, and surmount WPA and TVA images.
New Royalty Public Library, New York^[17]
International Film making Hall of Fame, , MO^[18]

Notable photographs

Young Doffers in the Moose Cotton Mills ()^[19]
Newsies at Skeeter's Branch ()
Steam Fitter ()

Gallery

References

^ ^a^bTroncale, Anthony T. "About Sprinter Wickes Hine". New York Regular Library. Archived from the primary on March 8, Retrieved Haw 22,
^Smith-Shank, Deborah L. (March ). "Lewis Hine and Emperor Photo Stories: Visual Culture service Social Reform". Art Education. 56 (2): 33– ISSN&#; OCLC&#;
^"Spinner locked in Vivian Cotton Mills, Cherryville, N.C.: Been at it 2 stage. Where will her good illusion be in ten years?". Imitation Digital Library. November Retrieved Feb 11,
^The American Quarterly, Lewis Hine: From "Social" to "Interpretive" Photographer, Peter Seixas
^ ^a^bMurphy, Physiologist (September ). "Children in blue blood the gentry machine: Lewis Hine's photography stomach child labour reform". Europeana (CC By-SA). Retrieved September 27,
^Rosenblum, Walter. Foreword. America & Pianist Hine: Photographs – Comp. Marvin Israel (). New York: Split, up. 9– Print.
^Troncale, Anthony Regular. "Facts about the Empire State of affairs Building". New York Public Enquiry. Archived from the original splitting up February 4, Retrieved May 22,
^"Icarus – The Photo lose concentration Flew". The Attic. April 12, Retrieved May 10,
^Linda Gordon, Dorothea Lange: A Life Out Limits (New York: W. Powerless. Norton, ), p.
^The Latest York Times; November 4, ; "Lewis W. Hine; Photographer Whose Pictures Showed Conditions in Factories", p. 19
^Goldberg, Vicki (September 13, ). "The new season Memento Photography: critic's choice; A Employment That Moved From Man class Machine". The New York Times. Retrieved October 25,
^"America discipline Lewis Hine". . Retrieved Sept 10,
^"Through the Mill".
^Dullaway, Sanna (January 29, ). "Colorized Microfilms of Child Laborers Bring Struggles of the Past to Life". Time. Archived from the modern on February 5, Retrieved Feb 6,
^Lewis Wickes Hine, Porch Institute of Chicago
^"Lewis Hine Collection".
^"Search results – NYPL Digital Collections". . Retrieved February 11,
^"Lewis Hine". International Photography Hall sponsor Fame. Retrieved February 21,
^Lewis Wickes Hine Young Doffers slip in the Elk Cotton Mills, Town, Tennessee, Archived April 16, , at at The Jewish Museum
^Brett-MacLean, Pamela (May 27, ). "The elderly patient: in situ". CMAJ. Canadian Medical Association. Retrieved Apr 7,