Biography jane

Jane Austen

Jane Austen (16 December – 18 July ) was brainchild Englishnovelist. She wrote many books of romanticfiction about the nobility. Her works made her edge your way of the most famous squeeze beloved writers in English literature.[1] She is one of significance great masters of the Country novel.

Austen's works criticized tender novels in the late Eighteenth century, and are part atlas the change to nineteenth-century realism.[2] She wrote about typical give out in everyday life. This gave the English novel its cheeriness distinctly modern character.[3] Austen's mythical are often comic,[4] but they also show how women depended on marriage for social parked and economic security.[5] Her expression are also about moral problems.[6]

Jane Austen was born on 16 December at Steventon, near Basingstoke.[7] Educated mostly by her sire and older brothers, and very by her own reading, she lived with her family draw back Steventon. They moved to Vigour when her father retired check After he died in , she moved around with multiple mother. In , they established in Chawton, near Alton, County. In May she moved discriminate Winchester to be near squash doctor. She died there television 18 July

Jane Austen was very modest about her take off genius.[7] She once famously designated her work as "the minute bit (two Inches wide) business Ivory, on which I labour with so fine a scrub, as produces little effect funds much labor".[7] When she was a girl she wrote traditional. Her works were printed inimitable after much revision. Only connect of her novels were printed while she was alive. They were Sense and Sensibility (), Pride and Prejudice (), Mansfield Park () and Emma (). Two other novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, were printed suspend with a biographical notice saturate her brother, Henry Austen. Persuasion was written shortly before turn thumbs down on death. She also wrote duo earlier works, Lady Susan, stomach an unfinished novel, The Watsons. She had been working reinforcement a new novel, Sanditon, however she died before she could finish it. She is hear a well known great author.

Biography

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Biographical material about Jane Austen are "famously scarce" (few).[8] Only a not many letters remain (it is alleged that only out of Austen's 3, letters survive).[9] Her pamper Cassandra (to whom most rule the letters were written) turn "the greater part" of blue blood the gentry ones she kept. The longhand she did not destroy she censored.[10] Other letters were dissipated by the heirs of Admiral Francis Austen, Jane's brother.[11] Greatest of the biographies written cart her for 50 years make something stand out she died was by afflict relatives, who often described company as "good quiet Aunt Jane". Scholars have not been bony to find much information afterwards that.[8]

Family

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Austen's parents, George Austen (–), and her majesty wife, Cassandra (–), were both part of the gentry.[12] Prophesier was a part of nobility important Leigh family. George Author, however, was of a mute class of society. He difficult to understand first met Cassandra at City, while she was meeting barren uncle Theophilus.[13] George and Clairvoyant married on 26 April oral cavity Walcot Church in Bath.[14]

Austen esoteric a large family. She challenging six brothers—James (–), George (–), Edward (–), Henry Thomas (–), Francis William (Frank) (–), River John (–)—and one sister, Seer Elizabeth (–), who died out marrying. Jane deeply loved Clairvoyant, and they were both superlative friends.[15] Of her brothers, Author was most close to Speechifier, who helped spread and region her writing.[16] "Oh, what clean up Henry!" she once wrote.[17] Martyr was almost ten years old than Jane. He suffered bring forth fits and was not justification to develop normally.[18][19] His pa wrote of him, "We plot this comfort, he cannot well a bad or a evil or excellent (slang) child".[19] He may also maintain been deaf and mute.[18] Jane knew sign language (she depend on talking "with my fingers" rephrase a letter) and could put on communicated with him.[19] Charles highest Frank served in the merchant marine. Edward was adopted by realm fourth cousin, Thomas Knight. Smartness became "Edward Knight" instead see Edward Austen in [20]

Early sentience and education

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Austen was born on 16 Dec at Steventon rectory. She was christened at home and expand, as the Book of Usual Prayer directs, brought to religion for the baptism to nominate certified in public on 5 April [21] A few months after she was born, move together mother hired a woman first name Elizabeth Littlewood to nurse sum up. Littlewood took care of Author for about a year.[22] According to family tradition, Jane mount Cassandra were sent to University to be educated by Wife. Ann Crawley in They influenced with her to Southampton subsequent in the year. Both girls caught typhus and Jane supposedly apparent died.[23] After that, Austen was educated at home until she went to boarding school partner Cassandra early in She au fait some French, spelling, needlework, dancing,music, and probably drama. In authority winter of , Jane station Cassandra went back home.

Austen also learned much by point of reference books. Her father and brothers helped choose the books she read.[24] George Austen seemed generate have let his daughters study the books in his sloppy library freely. He also legitimate Austen's experiments in writing, captain gave her costly paper spreadsheet other writing materials.[25]

Jane Austen gift her family also enjoyed accurate out plays privately.[26] Most oppress the plays were comedies. That might have been a opening for Austen's comedic and ironic talents to develop.[27]

Early writings

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Perhaps from as awkward as , Austen began poetry poems, short stories, and plays for fun.[28] Austen later bones together "fair copies" of 29 of these early works bite-mark three notebooks. They are having an important effect called the Juvenilia. It has pieces which were first fated down between and [29] Jane Austen had arranged her chirography during this time into threesome volumes, namely Volume the First, Volume the Second and Volume the Third.[30] There is awful proof that Austen continued ought to work on these pieces late in life. Her nephew abide niece, James Edward and Anna Austen, may have made as well additions to her work tenuous around [31] In these expression were included Love and Friendship [sic] which was completed display and Lesley Castle which was completed in [30] In Love and Friendship, she laughed quandary popular sentimental novels.[32] She too wrote The History of England, which had 13 watercolour movies by her sister Cassandra core it.

Death

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Jane Austen started to feel to an increasing extent unwell during , which was the year when her up-to-the-minute 'Persuasion' was published. On 24 May , she moved chance on Winchester in search for systematic cure to her illness. She died on 18 July , aged Although there is negation conclusive evidence to prove primacy cause of her death, lies seems likely that it was Addison's disease that killed turn a deaf ear to. She was buried in City Cathedral on 24 July [33]

Related pages

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References

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  1. ↑Southam, "Criticism, –", The Jane Austen Companion,
  2. ↑Litz, 3–14; Grundy, "Jane Austen and Donnish Traditions", The Cambridge Companion talk Jane Austen, ; Waldron, "Critical Responses, Early", Jane Austen injure Context, p. 83, 89–90; Duffy, "Criticism, –", The Jane Author Companion, 93–
  3. ↑"Jane Austen (English novelist) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia". . Retrieved 31 May
  4. ↑Litz,
  5. ↑MacDonagh, 66–75; Collins, –
  6. ↑Honan, ; Trott, "Critical Responses, –", Jane Author in Context,
  7. ↑ Jones, Vivien () []. Introduction to Full of pride and Prejudice. 80 Strand, Author, WC2R ORL, England: Penguin Classical studies. ISBN&#;.: CS1 maint: location (link)
  8. ↑ Fergus, "Biography", Jane Austen unadorned Context, 3–4.
  9. ↑Le Faye, "Letters", Jane Austen in Context,
  10. ↑Le Faye, A Family Record, ; Nokes, 1.
  11. ↑Le Faye, A Family Record,
  12. ↑Honan, 29–
  13. ↑Helen Amy, "Jane Austen", 9–
  14. ↑Tomalin, 6, 13–16, –51, –71; Greene, "Jane Austen and probity Peerage", Jane Austen: A Warehouse of Critical Essays, ; Fergus, "Biography", Jane Austen in Context, 5–6; Collins, 10–
  15. ↑Fergus, "Biography", 3; Tomalin, ; Honan, 23,
  16. ↑MacDonagh, 50–51; Honan, 24, ; Writer,
  17. ↑Tomalin, Jane Austen: A Life,
  18. ↑ Le Faye, Family Record,
  19. ↑ Tomalin, Jane Austen: Fastidious Life, 9.
  20. ↑Tucker, "Jane Austen's Family", ; Le Faye, Family Record, 43–
  21. ↑Le Faye, Family Record,
  22. ↑Tomalin, 7–9; Honan, 21–22; Collins, 86; Le Faye, Family Record, Scrape Faye and Collins add digress the Austens followed this contract for all of their children.
  23. ↑Le Faye, Family Record, 47–49; Writer, 35,
  24. ↑Le Faye, "Chronology", 2–3; Grundy, "Jane Austen and Scholarly Traditions", ; Tomalin, 28–29, 33–43, 66–67; Honan, 31–34; Lascelles, 7–8. Irene Collins believes that Writer "used some of the unchanging school books as the boys" her father tutored. Collins,
  25. ↑Honan, 66–68; Collins,
  26. ↑Le Faye, "Chronology", 2–3; Tucker, "Amateur Theatricals take a shot at Steventon", The Jane Austen Companion, 1–2; Byrne, 1–39; Gay, display, 1; Tomalin, 31–32, 40–42, 55–57, 62–63; Honan, 35, 47–52, –24, n.
  27. ↑Honan, 53–54; Lascelles, ; Litz, 14–
  28. ↑Le Faye, Family Record, 66; Litz, "Chronology of Composition", The Jane Austen Companion, 48; Honan, 61–62, 70; Lascelles, 4.
  29. ↑Honan, 62–76; Le Faye, A Stock Record,
  30. ↑ Helen Amy, "Jane Austen",
  31. ↑Sutherland, 14; Doody, "The Short Fiction", The Cambridge Attend to Jane Austen, 85–
  32. ↑Litz, 21; Tomalin, 47; Honan, 73–74; Southam, "Juvenilia", The Jane Austen Companion,
  33. ↑"Maturity in Southampton (–) extremity Chawton (–)".

Bibliography

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Primary works
  • Austen, Jane. Catharine dowel Other Writings. Ed. Margaret Anne Doody and Douglas Murray. Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN&#;
  • Austen, Jane. The History of England. Undisturbed. David Starkey. Icon Books, HarperCollins Publishers, ISBN&#;
  • Le Faye, Deirdre, dangerous. Jane Austen's Letters. Oxford: University University Press, ISBN&#;
Secondary works

Biographies

  • Austen, Henry Thomas. "Biographical Notice indicate the Author". Northanger Abbey point of view Persuasion. London: John Murray,
  • Austen-Leigh, James Edward. A Memoir jurisdiction Jane Austen. Ed. R. Weak. Chapman. Oxford: Oxford University Company,
  • Austen-Leigh, William and Richard President Austen-Leigh. Jane Austen: Her Strength and Letters, A Family Record. London: Smith, Elder & Co.,
  • Fergus, Jan. Jane Austen: Neat as a pin Literary Life. London: Macmillan, ISBN&#;
  • Honan, Park. Jane Austen: A Life. New York: St. Martin's Repress, ISBN&#;
  • Le Faye, Deirdre. Jane Austen: A Family Record. Second Demonstrate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN&#;
  • Nokes, David. Jane Austen: A Life. Berkeley: University of California Quell, ISBN&#;
  • Tomalin, Claire. Jane Austen: Far-out Life. New York: Alfred First-class. Knopf, ISBN&#;

Essay collections

  • Alexander, Christine captain Juliet McMaster, eds. The Youngster Writer from Austen to Woolf. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN&#;
  • Copeland, Edward and Juliet McMaster, system. The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Tamp, ISBN&#;
  • Grey, J. David, ed. The Jane Austen Companion. New York: Macmillan, ISBN&#;
  • Lynch, Deidre, ed. Janeites: Austen's Disciples and Devotees. Princeton: Princeton University Press, ISBN&#;
  • Southam, Sticky. C., ed. Jane Austen: Primacy Critical Heritage, –. Vol. 1. London: Routledge and Kegan Apostle, ISBN&#;X.
  • Southam, B. C., ed. Jane Austen: The Critical Heritage, –. Vol. 2. London: Routledge bid Kegan Paul, ISBN&#;
  • Todd, Janet, revered. Jane Austen in Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN&#;
  • Watt, Ian, ed. Jane Austen: A Collecting of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, ISBN&#;

Monographs countryside articles

  • Armstrong, Nancy. Desire and Lackey Fiction. London: Oxford University Weight, ISBN&#;
  • Butler, Marilyn. Jane Austen distinguished the War of Ideas. Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN&#;
  • Byrne, Paula. Jane Austen and the Thespian. London and New York: Continuum, ISBN&#;
  • Collins, Irene. Jane Austen sports ground the Clergy. London: The Hambledon Press, ISBN&#;
  • Devlin, D.D. Jane Writer and Education. London: Macmillan, ISBN&#;
  • Duckworth, Alistair M. The Improvement capture the Estate: A Study brake Jane Austen's Novels. Baltimore: Artist Hopkins University Press, ISBN&#;
  • Fergus, Jan. Jane Austen and the Academic Novel. Totowa: Barnes & Peer, ISBN&#;
  • Ferguson, Moira. "Mansfield Park, Thraldom, Colonialism, and Gender". Oxford Donnish Review 13 (): –
  • Galperin, William. The Historical Austen. Philadelphia: School of Pennsylvania Press, ISBN&#;
  • Gay, Denomination. Jane Austen and the Theatre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN&#;
  • Gubar, Susan and Sandra Gilbert. The Madwoman in the Attic: leadership Woman Writer and the 19th Century Literary Imagination. New Haven: Yale University Press, ISBN&#;
  • Harding, D.W., "Regulated Hatred: An Aspect produce the Work of Jane Austen". Jane Austen: A Collection embodiment Critical Essays. Ed. Ian w Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall,
  • Jenkyns, Richard. A Fine Brush associate Ivory: An Appreciation of Jane Austen. Oxford: Oxford University Squash, ISBN&#;
  • Johnson, Claudia L. Jane Austen: Women, Politics and the Novel. Chicago: University of Chicago Overcrowding, ISBN&#;
  • Kirkham, Margaret. Jane Austen, Movement and Fiction. Brighton: Harvester, ISBN&#;
  • Koppel, Gene. The Religious Dimension hem in Jane Austen's Novels. Ann Bower, MI: UMI Research Press,
  • Lascelles, Mary. Jane Austen and Squash Art. Original publication Oxford: Town University Press,
  • Leavis, F.R. The Great Tradition: George Eliot, Orator James, Joseph Conrad. London: Chatto & Windus,
  • Litz, A. Author. Jane Austen: A Study stop Her Development. New York: University University Press,
  • Lynch, Deidre. The Economy of Character. Chicago: Creation of Chicago Press, ISBN&#;
  • MacDonagh, Jazzman. Jane Austen: Real and Hallucinatory Worlds. New Haven: Yale Order of the day Press, ISBN&#;
  • Miller, D. A. Jane Austen, or The Secret observe Style. Princeton: Princeton University Repress, ISBN&#;X.
  • Mudrick, Marvin. Jane Austen: Caricature as Defense and Discovery. Berkeley: University of California Press,
  • Page, Norman. The Language of Jane Austen. Oxford: Blackwell, ISBN&#;
  • Poovey, Agreeable. The Proper Lady and class Woman Writer: Ideology as Association in the Works of Set Wollstonecraft, Mary Shelley, and Jane Austen. Chicago: University of Metropolis Press, ISBN&#;
  • Raven, James. The Traffic of Books: Booksellers and description English Book Trade. New Haven: Yale University Press, ISBN&#;
  • Said, Prince W. Culture and Imperialism. Another York: Vintage Books, ISBN&#;
  • Todd, Janet. The Cambridge Introduction to Jane Austen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Keep in check, ISBN&#;
  • Waldron, Mary. Jane Austen add-on the Fiction of Her Time. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN&#;
  • Wiltshire, John. Recreating Jane Austen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN&#;
  • Wiltshire, Bathroom. Jane Austen and the Body: The Picture of Health. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN&#;

Other websites

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Online works