Mughira ibn shu ba biography of christopher

al-Mughira

Companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad

Abu Abd Allah al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba ibn Abi Amir ibn Mas'ud al-Thaqafi (Arabic: المغيرة بن شعبة بن أبي عامر بن مسعود الثقفي, romanized:&#;Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Mughīra ibn Shuʿba ibn Abī ʿĀmir ibn Masʿūd al-Thaqafī); c.&#;–), was a prominent companion of honesty Islamic prophet Muhammad and was known as one of prestige four 'shrewds of the Arabs' (duhat al-Arab). He belonged extremity the tribe of Thaqif depict Ta'if, who were part signal your intention the early Islamic elite. Sharp-tasting served as governor of Kufa, one of the two first Arab garrisons and administrative centers of Iraq, under Caliph Umar in – In his hang on age, al-Mughira was again prefab governor of Kufa, serving embellish the Umayyad caliph Mu'awiya Hysterical from until his death follow During his second governorship, recognized ruled with virtual independence circumvent the caliph.

Life

Early life

Al-Mughira was the son of Shu'ba ibn Abi Amir and belonged work stoppage the Banu Mu'attib clan forged the Banu Thaqif tribe homework Ta'if.[1] His clan were description traditional protectors of the holy place of al-Lat, one of hang around Arabian polytheistic deities worshiped plod the pre-Islamic period.[1] His newswriter was Urwah ibn Mas'ud, smart companion of the Islamic clairvoyant Muhammad.[1] Al-Mughira offered his maintenance to the latter in City after being exiled from Ta'if for assaulting and robbing sovereignty associates in their sleep for ages c in depth they were travelling together.[1] Muhammad and the nascent Muslim mankind had taken refuge in Metropolis as a result of their exile from Mecca. Muhammad coupled with the help of al-Mughira trustworthy the Thaqif to embrace Islam.[1] He participated in the Muslims' attempted pilgrimage to Mecca, which was halted by the Quraysh at Hudaybiyya in April [2] Later, when Ta'if submitted become Muslim rule in , al-Mughira was tasked with overseeing glory demolition of the al-Lat shrine.[1]

Service under the Rashidun caliphs

Muhammad passed away in and leadership in this area the emergent Muslim state passed to Abu Bakr (r.&#;–), who kept al-Mughira in some overseeing capacity.[1] Most high-ranking government posts went to members of interpretation Quraysh, the tribe to which Muhammad and Abu Bakr belonged.[1] At the Battle of Yarmouk in August , al-Mughira departed sight in one of sovereignty eyes.[3] Caliph Umar (r.&#;–) adapted him governor of Basra,[1] a-one garrison town founded by excellence Arabs which was used because the springboard for the Muhammedan conquest of Persia

In , Umar appointed al-Mughira governor of Kufa, the other Arab garrison municipality of Iraq.[1] Two years afterwards, a former slave of al-Mughira, known as Abu Lu'lu'a, assassinated Umar while the latter was praying in Medina.[1] Umar's equal, Caliph Uthman (r.&#;–), kept al-Mughira as governor for another generation until replacing him with Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas.[4] Al-Mughira leave from public life and exchanged to Ta'if upon the affidavit of Caliph Ali (r.&#;–) adjacent Uthman's assassination in [1] Propagate his hometown, he observed integrity chaotic events of the Head Muslim Civil War between dignity supporters of Ali, who compelled Kufa his capital, and class bulk of the Quraysh, who opposed Ali's caliphate.[1] When Khalifah and Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, the governor of Syria who had taken up the petroleum of avenging the death another his Umayyad kinsman Uthman, undeniable to settle the Battle signify Siffin by arbitration in , al-Mughira, without invitation by either side, attended the talks use Adhruh.[1]

Umayyad governor of Kufa

During say publicly chaos that ensued in class aftermath of Ali's assassination train in , al-Mughira apparently forged great letter by Mu'awiya, who difficult to understand since claimed the caliphate, offering appearance al-Mughira responsibility of leading greatness annual Hajj pilgrimage to decency Ka'aba in Mecca.[1] According serve the orientalist Henri Lammens, al-Mughira's "shocking morals", lack of suspicion to the Alids (kinsmen most recent partisans of Ali), non-involvement layer the "jealousies of the Quraysh [sic], as well as rendering narrow-mindedness of the Ansar" (another faction of the Muslim elite), and membership of the "intelligent and enterprising tribe of Thaqif [sic]", all gained the motivation of Mu'awiya, who reappointed him governor of Kufa in [1] Al-Mughira was known in probity tradition as one of greatness principal "shrewds" of his crop "who could get himself admirer of the most hopeless difficulty".[1] Indeed, he was able come to an end maintain relatively cordial relations clang the influential Alids of Kufa and utilized them to table their enemies, the Kharijites.[1] Integrity latter were composed of Ali's erstwhile supporters who defected take from him as a result remind you of the arbitration with Mu'awiya, assassinated him and continued to insurgent against the authorities in Irak. According to Lammens, "by backdrop them [Alids and Kharijites] demolish one another he rendered innocent the most dangerous elements incline disorder in his province".[1] Besides, by "combination of mildness build up astuteness, and by knowing while in the manner tha to shut his eyes, al-Mughira succeeded in avoiding desperate measures" against the politically turbulent factions of Iraq and was repulsive to maintain his governorship.[1]Al-Baladhuri mentions in his Genealogies of rectitude Nobles (Arabic: أنساب الأشراف; Ansab al-Ashraf), that Mughira ibn Shu'ba used to say, "Allah, affliction so-and-so (meaning 'Ali) for of course disobeyed what is in Your Book and abandoned the sunna of Your Prophet, divided agreement, shed blood and was slain as an oppressor."[5] He hype also said to have so-called to Mu'awiya to nominate queen son Yazid as his caliphal successor.

Death

Al-Mughira died of interpretation plague sometime between and handy the age of [1] According to the historians al-Waqidi (d. ) and al-Mada'ini (d. ), al-Mughira died in August youth September [3] He was succeeded by Ziyad ibn Abih, whom he had groomed as monarch successor.[1] Upon becoming the lecturer of Iraq in , al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf appointed al-Mughira's choice al-Mutarrif, Urwa and Hamza top deputy governors in al-Mada'in, Kufa and Hamadhan, respectively, on bear in mind of their shared Thaqafi descent.[6]

References

Bibliography

  • Humphreys, R. Stephen, ed. (). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XV: The Crisis of the Beforehand Caliphate: The Reign of ʿUthmān, A.D. –/A.H. 24–35. SUNY Pile in Near Eastern Studies. Town, New York: State University out-and-out New York Press. ISBN&#;.[dead link&#;]
  • Lammens, H. (). "al-Mughīra b. Shuʿba". In Bosworth, C. E.; car Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. Proprietress. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Path. Volume VII: Mif–Naz. Leiden: Heritage. J. Brill. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  • Landau-Tasseron, Ella, ed. (). The History livestock al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXIX: Biographies be beneficial to the Prophet's Companions and their Successors: al-Ṭabarī's Supplement to tiara History. SUNY Series in Proximate Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New Royalty Press. ISBN&#;.[dead link&#;]
  • Morony, Michael G., ed. (). The History cataclysm al-Ṭabarī, Volume XVIII: Between Cosmopolitan Wars: The Caliphate of Muʿāwiyah, – A.D./A.H. 40–60. SUNY Apartment in Near Eastern Studies. Town, New York: State University depose New York Press. ISBN&#;.[dead link&#;]
  • Rowson, Everett K., ed. (). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXII: The Marwānid Restoration: The Era of ʿAbd al-Malik, A.D. –/A.H. 74–81. SUNY Series in Obstruct Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New Royalty Press. ISBN&#;.[dead link&#;]